• that are safe, with no sharp edges or toxic paint or small pieces for children ages zero to three.
• that are durable—determine the price per play hour—it pays to buy quality in the long run
• that are open-ended—can be used in many ways 
• that spans several stages of a child’s growth—at least one year
• that are suitable to age and stage of child
• that require problem solving and inventing

In order for a toy to contribute to a child’s learning ability, you must first consider the developmental stage of the child you are buying for. There are four main levels at which children learn the social, physical, personality, and intellectual functions they need in order to gain confidence. 

Birth to three years old is when a child learns through the five senses and motor skills. He will use his large muscles to crawl, walk, and climb. Later he will learn to use his small muscles for hand-eye coordination and to grasp small objects. This stage is called the sensori-motor period and toy suggestions are: toys that squeak and rattle, stacking toys, approved teethers, simple puzzles, soft cuddly toys with non-detachable eyes, and books that allow exploration of senses and encourage early vocabulary. 

Three to five year olds are increasing their language developmental skills, refining sensory perceptions, exploring dramatic play, starting to develop pre-reading and pre-math skills, and they also continue in large and small muscle development. This stage is called the pre-academic period and toy suggestions are hand and finger puppets, dominoes, matching games, simple construction sets, paper dolls and houses, and simple games that teach colors, shapes and sharing. Books should inspire the love for reading with wondrous stories and illustrations. 

Five to eight year olds enjoy playing alone as well as with others, and will usually follow through on a task set before them. They will put together early experiences and think concretely. This is the academic period, and toys for this age group are more advanced: building blocks and construction sets, games that can be played with competitively and non-competitively, musical instruments, and any reading, spelling, math, science and logic-related games, or activities. This is also the perfect time to introduce fun, yet educational and expert approved, computer software. Books for this age group should encourage language exploration and imagination. 

Eight years old to adult age still need toys that challenge as well as enhance their continuing learning experience. When choosing game, books and toys for this age consider activities that stimulate a higher level of reading, math, logic and communication. This can include challenging games, puzzles and even hobby materials that can become a lifetime adventure. Books should inspire readers to develop skills and creativity. Most importantly, remember that nothing can compare to that which your child loves to play with the most and can provide the best influence on his life...YOU!!

Elise P. Vickers is an educational consultant with Discovery Toys. Call her at 471-7449 with any questions you might have or to receive a Discovery Toys catalog.